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Exploration and identification of alternative raw materials for paper and newsprint manufacture: An assessment of the possibilities for the use of … and newsprint in India (Working document) … |
Not to mention, this is a very complex and delicate. However, anyone over 50 can remember a childhood where the environment was very different.
The world population's dependence on fossil fuels mad (while acceptable and non-polluting alternatives) is basically killing our clean and environment, and we with it.
What is oil pollution?
Oil pollution is more than the spill products derived from crude oil or refined in the environment. There are some startling statistics that follow.
These are the statistics of the 1995 Smithsonian Institution Traveling Exhibition, and have not been updated. It is estimated that the overall totals have increased two or three times.
oAccidental spills of ships: 140 million tons
oRoutine maintenance of vessels and equipment: 511 million tonnes
oAir pollution in rainfall (entering the sea): 348 Million Tons
oland elimination of fuel entering the sea: 1.374 million tons
oNatural filtration (from sea sources) 234 Million t
This does NOT include the statistics from China or India. A total of 2.607 million tons of oil had ended in the environment (estimated in 1995). Now 11 years later, the total is estimated to Trippler, and we are witnessing a gradual increase in temperature of the Earth due to global warming, other changes alarming in time, traces of contamination in the environment and animals (and plants) in nature.
Although the rules MARPOL (Pollution Law sea by the United Nations) and other laws, oil pollution continues. A recent survey by marine toxicologists confirmed alarming numbers of liver damage in a wide range of fish and marine mammals. Almost all fish in the sample had high levels of heavy metals in the tissue (crude oil contains a great deal of heavy metals, vanadium, among them, which is toxic to most animals).
The bottom feeders and crustaceans (also live at the bottom of the sea) had an equally high level of heavy metals and other pollutants absorbed (PCBs and dioxins, for example).
The natural microbes and small aquatic life that can biodegrade the oil (in water and carbon dioxide) is overwhelmed and can not cope. There is a lack of nutrients available in the areas surrounding oil spills and pollution sites.
One sees large groups of whales and dolphins beaching and perplexed scientists to explain why. Does not take much to find out. Whole species of plants and animals are disappearing regularly.
Oil pollution can not be resolved by legislation, or by being more careful. So the oil contamination that enters the atmosphere, then the environment, the only measure we can take is to immediately reduce our dependence on fossil fuels. Places like California in the United States has already taken the first steps, but has not gone so far to prohibit the fossil fuel.
Knowing that there are fuel cells that burn hydrogen can be clean, there are electric motors and solar cells to run the car everywhere. No wind and wave energy to create clean, non-polluting sources of electricity. Unfortunately for the interests of the Big companies are coming before the safety of the human race.
Child Rag Pickers Get Help in India
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Exploration and identification of alternative raw materials for paper and newsprint manufacture: An assessment of the possibilities for the use of … and newsprint in India (Working document) … |
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