|
|
Cradle to Cradle: Remaking the Way We Make Things $13.00 Paper or plastic? Neither, say William McDonough and Michael Braungart. Why settle for the least harmful alternative when we could have something that is better–say, edible grocery bags! In Cradle to Cradle, the authors present a manifesto calling for a new industrial revolution, one that would render both traditional manufacturing and traditional environmentalism obsolete. Recycling, for instanc… |
|
|
Knowledge, Nature, and Norms: An Introduction to Philosophy $51.19 Find everything you need for a solid introduction to philosophy with this brief, powerful text. One of the most concise introductory philosophy anthologies available, KNOWLEDGE, NATURE, AND NORMS: AN INTRODUCTION TO PHILOSOPHY features classical philosophy readings, short fiction, and literature from popular writers, as well as a wealth of effective learning tools. Concise, well-edited selections … |
|
|
Upcycling: Create Beautiful Things with the Stuff You Already Have $8.34 Renowned environmental lifestyle expert and Today Show regular Danny Seo shares 100 of his most inspiring projects for creative transformation. Have neglected items around your house? They can be the source for exciting craft possibilities! Turn your old leather belts into a cool doormat (or even a briefcase!); worn-out paperbacks into gorgeous bud vases; tennis balls into a quaint country swing;… |
In the nature of things, sometimes the reaction to continue only when a disaster occurs, ie when it is too late. As disasters leave their deadly impact, and after so many innocent people lost their lives, there will be accusations and the outcry from the blood. Such was the case of the recent floods in Istanbul. Since 1967, Istanbul suffered 13 floods that inevitably caused havoc and destruction around the city. Apparently, there was no mitigation measures put in floods way before the floods in September 2009. The last flood in 2002, although the experience had not led to any rethinking of policies vis-à-vis urban planning. Time is described as an "accident waiting to happen." What happened was beyond the concept of accident, which happened to be a terrible disaster. (i)
In the worst of the torrential rains, access to sections of Istanbul as the road between Istanbul Ataturk International Airport cut it. When the two streams have overflowed Istanbul, homes and workplaces in neighboring areas suffered severe flooding, with damage to property and infrastructure. In the fury of floods, the roads became fast flowing rivers drowning many caught on the way to work. The rising waters flipped trucks and buses over matches as, compress, in piles of rubble. The disaster of the low areas on the west side of Turkey's largest city, where drainage is often poor. The rising flood, he moved at high speed, barreling through a major highway and in the business districts of Istanbul, and engaged in the capture process workers factory and truck drivers in their vehicles. Hundreds of homes and offices were flooded, the water in some places two feet high. Emergency officials confirmed some 1,700 homes and offices were flooded in the suburbs of Istanbul in Silivri.
The damages were again fresh reminders to exercise care in the design of urban development plans. Poor urban planning, obviously will lead to inadequate infrastructure and aggravated by rapid population growth, increasing urban risk in magnitude. The Istanbul Chamber of Commerce states that any damage caused by floods range from $ 80 million to $ 90 million.
The Department of Meteorology, Istanbul, said the rainfall was the heaviest recorded in the last 80 years. Clearly, the infrastructure crunch in Istanbul was unable to cope with the surge of water. Distorted and unplanned development, over inadequate infrastructure have led to water flows are blocked from reaching the sea through natural channels. The authorities acknowledged that the disaster is a result of gross negligence "attributed to waves of illegal construction in channels river in Istanbul. The exercise great care in designing the urban infrastructure and increasingly critical, especially in the case of Istanbul, which is located on the steep banks of the Bosphorus.
Of rapid population growth in Istanbul had been nurtured by decades of migration rural-urban impoverished areas. Therefore, the city, a metropolis of 15 million developed without adequate infrastructure to accommodate everything from a moderate rain. First Minister of Turkey, Recep Tayyip Erdogan called the flooding "the disaster of the century". While blaming the high death toll from torrential rains also pointed his finger at developers who built the buildings vulnerable in river beds and flood plains. Erdogan said quoting a local "river revenge is strong. "Various urban planning experts said government officials also are partly to blame for the high number of deaths. Chamber Architects in Istanbul, claimed that the city administration created these conditions by allowing high-density construction in the affected areas. The Chamber requests a warrant, but was unsuccessful in preventing the construction of industrial and commercial areas in the western districts of Istanbul, around the river Ayamama, where much of the flooding. You can not be absorbed by soil, water rises from the river banks have become concrete channels, along with the buildings around. And there are new warnings of major disasters.
The prime factors of flash floods on several occasions been attributed to urbanization contingency and the resulting erosion. Inadequate drainage systems and the misuse of land add to the risks involved. Uncontrolled construction in a relaxed planning urban, without careful consideration for risk reduction is a recipe for disaster. The weight and strength of any pressure applied to the extreme limits eventually break the walls of resistance. Any student of Urban knows that extreme pressure, breaking dams, sewers to overflow the banks, while highways and streets become flooded watercourses fatal.
Therefore, rapid urbanization should be held on issues of urban planning, facility development infrastructure designed for the needs and population growth. Urban development has its own risks. Uncontrolled, unplanned and United Nations disastrous event will be run.
Surprisingly, Turkey is no stranger to floods. The reports prepared by the Ministry of Public Works General Directorate of Disaster Affairs of State Water Works (DSI), revealed that the floods are the most destructive disaster in the country second. According to the report, 287 floods have occurred in Turkey in the past 20 years. Major floods are not new for Turkey.
Database International Emergency Disaster (EM-DAT) indicated that between 1903 and 2003, Turkey experienced 32 major floods. The economic losses in the past 20 years is estimated at $ 2 billion. The impact of the floods in the development, economic growth could be a tremendous burden. With the flood scenarios events that are repeated often, it is remarkable to know that the Turkish authorities donates 30 million each year for infrastructure measures to prevent flooding. The flash prevention program flood that DSI implemented since 1970, apparently made in reducing the number of annual flooding significantly. (Ii) which may be the case for the program National flood prevention, but the disastrous scenes in Istanbul clearly indicate that deficiencies in mitigation measures soon whip back with fury.
References: —
(i) Zaman.Klaus Today's Jurgens. The limitations of urban development: Have we reached the limits of urban planning?
(ii) China View. 2009-09-12. Floods in Istanbul brought calls for better urban planning. Wang Xiuqiong. Xinhua.
Science & Nature Information : What Materials Can Be Recycled?
|
|
Cradle to Cradle: Remaking the Way We Make Things $13.00 Paper or plastic? Neither, say William McDonough and Michael Braungart. Why settle for the least harmful alternative when we could have something that is better–say, edible grocery bags! In Cradle to Cradle, the authors present a manifesto calling for a new industrial revolution, one that would render both traditional manufacturing and traditional environmentalism obsolete. Recycling, for instanc… |
|
|
Knowledge, Nature, and Norms: An Introduction to Philosophy $51.19 Find everything you need for a solid introduction to philosophy with this brief, powerful text. One of the most concise introductory philosophy anthologies available, KNOWLEDGE, NATURE, AND NORMS: AN INTRODUCTION TO PHILOSOPHY features classical philosophy readings, short fiction, and literature from popular writers, as well as a wealth of effective learning tools. Concise, well-edited selections … |
|
|
Upcycling: Create Beautiful Things with the Stuff You Already Have $8.34 Renowned environmental lifestyle expert and Today Show regular Danny Seo shares 100 of his most inspiring projects for creative transformation. Have neglected items around your house? They can be the source for exciting craft possibilities! Turn your old leather belts into a cool doormat (or even a briefcase!); worn-out paperbacks into gorgeous bud vases; tennis balls into a quaint country swing;… |
Comments on this entry are closed.